Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMB4OLE)

Drug Name
Propofol
Synonyms
Ampofol; Aquafol; Diisopropylphenol; Dipravan; Diprivan; Disoprivan; Disoprofol; Fresofol; Ivofol; PFL; Propofolum; Rapinovet; Recofol; Abbott Brand of Propofol; Alpha Brand of Propofol; Astra Brand of Propofol; AstraZeneca Brand of Propofol; Braun Brand of Propofol; Curamed Brand of Propofol; Diprivan Injectable emulsion; Fresenius Brand of Propofol; Fresenius Kabi Brand of Propofol; Juste Brand of Propofol; Parnell Brand of Propofol; Pisa Brand of Propofol; Propofol Abbott; Propofol Fresenius; Propofol MCT; Propofol Rovi; Propofolum [Latin]; Rovi Brand of Propofol; Schering Brand of Propofol; Zeneca Brand of Propofol; AM-149; DDS-04F; Diprivan (TN); Propofol IDD-D; Propofol-Lipuro; ZD-0859; Ghl.PD_Mitscher_leg0.558; Propofol [USAN:INN:BAN]; Propofol (JAN/USAN/INN); Propofol(2,6-Diisopropylphenol); 2, 6-Diisopropylphenol; 2,6 Diisopropylphenol; 2,6-Bis(1-methylethyl)phenol; 2,6-Bis(Isopropyl)-phenol; 2,6-DIISOPROPYLPHENOL; 2,6-Diisopropyl phenol; 2,6-Diisopropylphenol; 2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)-phenol; 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [1], [2]
Therapeutic Class
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 178.27
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 3.8
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 1
ADMET Property
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [3]
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 36 mL/min/kg [4]
Elimination
0.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 3.2 hours [4]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 14.02315 micromolar/kg/day [5]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.016% [4]
Vd
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 4.7 L/kg [4]
Water Solubility
The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 0.164 mg/mL [3]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C12H18O
IUPAC Name
2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol
Canonical SMILES
CC(C)C1=C(C(=CC=C1)C(C)C)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H18O/c1-8(2)10-6-5-7-11(9(3)4)12(10)13/h5-9,13H,1-4H3
InChIKey
OLBCVFGFOZPWHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
4943
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:44915
CAS Number
2078-54-8
DrugBank ID
DB00818
TTD ID
D0A3HB
VARIDT ID
DR00424
INTEDE ID
DR1365
ACDINA ID
D01367

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) TTDP1UC NOUNIPROTAC Inhibitor [6], [7]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Substrate [10]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DE5IED8 CP2C9_HUMAN Substrate [8]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DEYGVN4 UD11_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DEGTFWK CP2CJ_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DEJVYAZ CP2A6_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DEJGDUW CP1A2_HUMAN Substrate [9]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Substrate [13]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DES5XRU CP2C8_HUMAN Substrate [12]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) DE85D2P UD19_HUMAN Substrate [14]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 (UGT1A6) DESD26P UD16_HUMAN Substrate [15]
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18) DEZMWRE CP2CI_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Oleamide hydrolase 1 (FAAH) DEUM1EX FAAH1_HUMAN Substrate [16]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Anaesthesia
ICD Disease Classification 9A78.6
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) DTT NO-GeName 2.65E-01 0.02 0.1
Cytochrome P450 2C18 (CYP2C18) DME CYP2C18 7.90E-01 3.72E-02 2.95E-01
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) DME UGT1A1 1.87E-01 4.98E-02 3.61E-01
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DME CYP2E1 9.06E-01 -5.05E-02 -1.20E-01
Oleamide hydrolase 1 (FAAH) DME FAAH 2.65E-01 2.41E-02 1.04E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) DME CYP2C8 3.17E-01 -6.95E-02 -2.88E-01
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DME CYP2B6 5.79E-01 -1.30E-02 -9.78E-02
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) DME CYP2A6 2.21E-02 9.40E-02 6.62E-01
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) DME CYP1A2 8.68E-01 3.64E-02 2.72E-01
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) DME CYP2C19 7.66E-01 9.19E-03 4.88E-02
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DME CYP2D6 5.64E-01 2.36E-02 1.75E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) DME CYP2C9 7.83E-01 2.32E-03 1.53E-02
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DME CYP3A4 6.06E-01 -2.42E-02 -1.64E-01
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Propofol
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Desflurane DM2TO9R Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Desflurane. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [117]
Halothane DM80OZ5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Halothane. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [117]
Sevoflurane DMC9O43 Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Sevoflurane. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [117]
Methoxyflurane DML0RAE Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Methoxyflurane. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [117]
Ketamine DMT5HA4 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Ketamine. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [117]
Remifentanil DMZTXCH Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Remifentanil. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [117]
⏷ Show the Full List of 6 DDI Information of This Drug
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Propofol (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Ivosidenib DM8S6T7 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Ivosidenib. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [118]
Midostaurin DMI6E0R Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Midostaurin. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [118]
Idarubicin DMM0XGL Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Idarubicin. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [118]
Arn-509 DMT81LZ Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Arn-509. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [118]
Gilteritinib DMWQ4MZ Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Gilteritinib. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [118]
Oliceridine DM6MDCF Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Oliceridine. Acute pain [MG31] [119]
Rivastigmine DMG629M Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Rivastigmine. Alzheimer disease [8A20] [118]
Donepezil DMIYG7Z Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Donepezil. Alzheimer disease [8A20] [118]
Metronidazole DMTIVEN Minor Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Metronidazole. Amoebiasis [1A36] [120]
Bepridil DM0RKS4 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Bepridil. Angina pectoris [BA40] [118]
Dronedarone DMA8FS5 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Dronedarone. Angina pectoris [BA40] [118]
Bedaquiline DM3906J Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Bedaquiline. Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52] [118]
Methylphenobarbital DMDSWAG Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Methylphenobarbital. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [121]
Chlormezanone DMTWUXR Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Chlormezanone. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [117]
Oxazepam DMXNZM4 Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Oxazepam. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [117]
Cilostazol DMZMSCT Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Cilostazol. Arterial occlusive disease [BD40] [118]
Posaconazole DMUL5EW Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Posaconazole. Aspergillosis [1F20] [118]
Levalbuterol DM5YBO1 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Levalbuterol. Asthma [CA23] [122]
Terbutaline DMD4381 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Terbutaline. Asthma [CA23] [123]
Pirbuterol DMI5678 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Pirbuterol. Asthma [CA23] [123]
Salbutamol DMN9CWF Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Salbutamol. Asthma [CA23] [122]
Formoterol DMSOURV Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Formoterol. Asthma [CA23] [123]
Lisdexamfetamine DM6W8V5 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Lisdexamfetamine. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [6A05] [124]
Ofloxacin DM0VQN3 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Ofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Clarithromycin DM4M1SG Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Clarithromycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Sulfamethoxazole DMB08GE Minor Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Sulfamethoxazole. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [125]
Sparfloxacin DMB4HCT Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Sparfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Gemifloxacin DMHT34O Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Gemifloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Norfloxacin DMIZ6W2 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Norfloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Levofloxacin DMS60RB Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Levofloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Lomefloxacin DMVRH9C Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Lomefloxacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Telithromycin DMZ4P3A Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Telithromycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Loperamide DMOJZQ9 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Loperamide. Bowel habit change [ME05] [126]
Eribulin DM1DX4Q Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Eribulin. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [118]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Lapatinib. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [118]
Alpelisib DMEXMYK Moderate Increased metabolism of Propofol caused by Alpelisib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [124]
Bosutinib DMTI8YE Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Bosutinib. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [118]
PF-04449913 DMSB068 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and PF-04449913. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [2A40] [118]
Olodaterol DM62B78 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Olodaterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [123]
Vilanterol DMF5EK1 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Vilanterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [122]
Salmeterol DMIEU69 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Salmeterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [123]
Indacaterol DMQJHR7 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Indacaterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [123]
Arformoterol DMYM974 Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Arformoterol. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [123]
Dihydrocodeine DMB0FWL Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Dihydrocodeine. Chronic pain [MG30] [121]
Isoproterenol DMK7MEY Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Isoproterenol. Conduction disorder [BC63] [122]
Probucol DMVZQ2M Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Probucol. Coronary atherosclerosis [BA80] [118]
Clofazimine DMEBOFW Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Clofazimine. Crohn disease [DD70] [118]
Mifepristone DMGZQEF Moderate Decreased metabolism of Propofol caused by Mifepristone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [127]
Pasireotide DMHM7JS Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Pasireotide. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [118]
Osilodrostat DMIJC9X Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Osilodrostat. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [118]
Lumacaftor DMCLWDJ Moderate Increased metabolism of Propofol caused by Lumacaftor mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Cystic fibrosis [CA25] [128]
Ethanol DMDRQZU Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Ethanol. Cystitis [GC00] [129]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Sertraline. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [118]
Escitalopram DMFK9HG Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Escitalopram. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [118]
Doxepin DMPI98T Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Doxepin. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [130]
Esketamine DMVU687 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Esketamine. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [120]
Heroin diacetylmorphine DMDBWHY Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Heroin diacetylmorphine. Dissociative neurological symptom disorder [6B60] [121]
Tetrabenazine DMYWQ0O Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Tetrabenazine. Dissociative neurological symptom disorder [6B60] [118]
Deutetrabenazine DMUPFLI Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Deutetrabenazine. Dystonic disorder [8A02] [118]
Ingrezza DMVPLNC Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Ingrezza. Dystonic disorder [8A02] [118]
Diazepam DM08E9O Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Diazepam. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [117]
Cenobamate DMGOVHA Moderate Increased metabolism of Propofol caused by Cenobamate mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [131]
Clonazepam DMTO13J Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Clonazepam. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [117]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Phenobarbital. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [117]
Solifenacin DMG592Q Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Solifenacin. Functional bladder disorder [GC50] [118]
Ketoconazole DMPZI3Q Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Ketoconazole. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [118]
Sunitinib DMCBJSR Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Sunitinib. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B] [118]
Saquinavir DMG814N Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Saquinavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [118]
Lopinavir DMITQS0 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Lopinavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [130]
Rilpivirine DMJ0QOW Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Rilpivirine. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [118]
Suvorexant DM0E6S3 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Suvorexant. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Amobarbital DM0GQ8N Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Amobarbital. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Ramelteon DM7IW9J Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Ramelteon. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Triazolam DMETYK5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Triazolam. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Zaleplon DMGFWSM Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Zaleplon. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Tasimelteon DMLOQ1V Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Tasimelteon. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Paraldehyde DMOC1BX Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Paraldehyde. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Quazepam DMY4D87 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Quazepam. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Estazolam DMZGXUM Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Estazolam. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [117]
Polyethylene glycol DM4I1JP Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Polyethylene glycol. Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91] [124]
Phenolphthalein DM5SICT Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Phenolphthalein. Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91] [125]
Remimazolam DMLVSYX Major Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Remimazolam. Labour/delivery anaesthesia complication [JB0C] [119]
Crizotinib DM4F29C Moderate Decreased metabolism of Propofol caused by Crizotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [120]
Ceritinib DMB920Z Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Ceritinib. Lung cancer [2C25] [118]
PF-06463922 DMKM7EW Moderate Increased metabolism of Propofol caused by PF-06463922 mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [124]
Osimertinib DMRJLAT Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Osimertinib. Lung cancer [2C25] [118]
Lumefantrine DM29GAD Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Lumefantrine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [130]
Halofantrine DMOMK1V Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Halofantrine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [118]
Hydroxychloroquine DMSIVND Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Hydroxychloroquine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [118]
Primaquine DMWQ16I Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Primaquine. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [118]
Inotuzumab ozogamicin DMAC130 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Inotuzumab ozogamicin. Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33] [118]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Arsenic trioxide. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [118]
Vemurafenib DM62UG5 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Vemurafenib. Melanoma [2C30] [118]
LGX818 DMNQXV8 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and LGX818. Melanoma [2C30] [118]
Dabrafenib DMX6OE3 Moderate Increased metabolism of Propofol caused by Dabrafenib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [124]
Flibanserin DM70DTN Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Flibanserin. Mood disorder [6A60-6E23] [117]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Panobinostat. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [118]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Thalidomide. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [132]
Siponimod DM2R86O Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Siponimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [118]
Fingolimod DM5JVAN Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Fingolimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [118]
Ozanimod DMT6AM2 Major Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Ozanimod. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [133]
Romidepsin DMT5GNL Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Romidepsin. Mycosis fungoides [2B01] [118]
Nilotinib DM7HXWT Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Nilotinib. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [118]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Dasatinib. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [118]
Prasugrel DM7MT6E Minor Decreased metabolism of Propofol caused by Prasugrel mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myocardial infarction [BA41-BA43] [124]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Promethazine. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [118]
Granisetron DMIUW25 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Granisetron. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [118]
Ondansetron DMOTQ1I Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Ondansetron. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [118]
Entrectinib DMMPTLH Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Entrectinib. Non-small cell lung cancer [2C25] [120]
Levomethadyl Acetate DM06HG5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Levomethadyl Acetate. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [121]
Lofexidine DM1WXA6 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Lofexidine. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [118]
Apraclonidine DMO4PVE Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Apraclonidine. Optic nerve disorder [9C40] [134]
Olaparib DM8QB1D Moderate Increased metabolism of Propofol caused by Olaparib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [120]
Rucaparib DM9PVX8 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Rucaparib. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [118]
Oxymorphone DM65AGJ Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Oxymorphone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [117]
Dezocine DMJDB0Y Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Dezocine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [117]
Nalbuphine DMOSQGU Moderate Additive cardiorespiratory depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Nalbuphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [117]
Buprenorphine DMPRI8G Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Buprenorphine. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [117]
Hydrocodone DMQ2JO5 Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Propofol and Hydrocodone. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [117]
Triclabendazole DMPWGBR Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Triclabendazole. Parasitic worm infestation [1F90] [118]
Pimavanserin DMR7IVC Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Pimavanserin. Parkinsonism [8A00] [118]
Abametapir DM2RX0I Moderate Decreased metabolism of Propofol caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pediculosis [1G00] [135]
Famotidine DMRL3AB Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Famotidine. Peptic ulcer [DA61] [120]
Macimorelin DMQYJIR Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Macimorelin. Pituitary gland disorder [5A60-5A61] [118]
Lefamulin DME6G97 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Lefamulin. Pneumonia [CA40] [118]
Ritodrine DM4V6RL Moderate Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias by the combination of Propofol and Ritodrine. Preterm labour/delivery [JB00] [123]
Degarelix DM3O8QY Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Degarelix. Prostate cancer [2C82] [118]
ABIRATERONE DM8V75C Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and ABIRATERONE. Prostate cancer [2C82] [118]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Enzalutamide. Prostate cancer [2C82] [118]
Bicalutamide DMZMSPF Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Bicalutamide. Prostate cancer [2C82] [118]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Levomepromazine. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [118]
Gatifloxacin DMSL679 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Gatifloxacin. Respiratory infection [CA07-CA4Z] [118]
Quetiapine DM1N62C Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Quetiapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Mesoridazine DM2ZGAN Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Mesoridazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Aripiprazole DM3NUMH Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Aripiprazole. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Iloperidone DM6AUFY Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Iloperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Paliperidone DM7NPJS Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Paliperidone. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Trifluoperazine DMKBYWI Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Trifluoperazine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Amisulpride DMSJVAM Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Amisulpride. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Asenapine DMSQZE2 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Asenapine. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Pimozide DMW83TP Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Pimozide. Schizophrenia [6A20] [118]
Vardenafil DMTBGW8 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Vardenafil. Sexual dysfunction [HA00-HA01] [118]
Telotristat ethyl DMDIYFZ Moderate Increased metabolism of Propofol caused by Telotristat ethyl mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Small intestine developmental anomaly [DA90] [124]
LEE011 DMMX75K Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and LEE011. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [118]
Vandetanib DMRICNP Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Vandetanib. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [118]
Triptorelin DMTK4LS Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Triptorelin. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [118]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Doxorubicin. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [118]
Pitolisant DM8RFNJ Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Pitolisant. Somnolence [MG42] [118]
Telavancin DM58VQX Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Telavancin. Staphylococcal/streptococcal disease [1B5Y] [118]
Lenvatinib DMB1IU4 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Lenvatinib. Thyroid cancer [2D10] [118]
Cabozantinib DMIYDT4 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Cabozantinib. Thyroid cancer [2D10] [118]
Papaverine DMCA9QP Major Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Papaverine. Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47] [136]
Tacrolimus DMZ7XNQ Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Tacrolimus. Transplant rejection [NE84] [118]
Trimeprazine DMEMV9D Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Trimeprazine. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [130]
Procainamide DMNMXR8 Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Procainamide. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [118]
Propafenone DMPIBJK Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Propafenone. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [118]
Flecainide DMSQDLE Moderate Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Propofol and Flecainide. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [118]
⏷ Show the Full List of 157 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Benzyl alcohol E00010 244 Antimicrobial preservative; Solvent
Glycerin E00026 753 Antimicrobial preservative; Emollient; Flavoring agent; Humectant; Lubricant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; Tonicity agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Egg phospholipids E00719 52922414 Surfactant; Dispersing agent; Emulsifying agent; Emulsion stabilizing agent; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Glyceryl monolinoleate E00639 Not Available Other agent
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Propofol 200mg/20ml injectable 200mg/20ml Injectable Injection
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5464).
2 Propofol in anesthesia. Mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and drug delivery. Curr Med Chem. 2000 Feb;7(2):249-71.
3 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
5 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
6 Glutamate- and GABA-based CNS therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006 Feb;6(1):7-17.
7 The general anesthetic propofol increases brain N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) content and inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;139(5):1005-13.
8 Cytochrome P-450 2B6 is responsible for interindividual variability of propofol hydroxylation by human liver microsomes. Anesthesiology. 2001 Jan;94(1):110-9.
9 Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 by propofol in human and porcine liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Oct 1;64(7):1151-6.
10 Effects of propofol on human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 activities. Xenobiotica. 1998 Sep;28(9):845-53.
11 Substrate-dependent modulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) by propofol in recombinant human UGT1A1 and human liver microsomes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Sep;101(3):211-4.
12 Possible involvement of multiple human cytochrome P450 isoforms in the liver metabolism of propofol. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Jun;80(6):788-95.
13 Involvement of human cytochrome P450 2B6 in the omega- and 4-hydroxylation of the anesthetic agent propofol. Xenobiotica. 2007 Jul;37(7):717-24.
14 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
15 Pharmacokinetics of propofol and extrahepatic UGT1A6 gene expression in anhepatic rats. Pharmacology. 2009;84(4):219-26.
16 Update of TTD: therapeutic target database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D787-91.
17 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
18 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
19 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
20 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
21 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
22 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
23 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
24 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
25 Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Dec;28(12):1457-63.
26 Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase-mediated DNA adduct formation by heterocyclic aromatic amines in human adenocarcinoma colon cells. Mol Carcinog. 2004 Jul;40(3):180-8.
27 Endoxifen and other metabolites of tamoxifen inhibit human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2A1 (hSULT2A1). Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Nov;42(11):1843-50.
28 Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and risk factors for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(4):R352-65.
29 PharmGKB summary: pathways of acetaminophen metabolism at the therapeutic versus toxic doses. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2015 Aug;25(8):416-26.
30 The effect of apigenin on pharmacokinetics of imatinib and its metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib in rats. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:789184.
31 The influence of metabolic gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers. Sci Total Environ. 2007 Aug 1;381(1-3):38-46.
32 Identification of P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1993 Sep;348(3):332-7.
33 Metabolism and metabolic inhibition of xanthotoxol in human liver microsomes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:5416509.
34 Functional significance of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase variants in the metabolism of active tamoxifen metabolites. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 1;69(5):1892-900.
35 Functional characterization of human and cynomolgus monkey UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 enzymes. Life Sci. 2010 Aug 14;87(7-8):261-8.
36 Effect of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A polymorphism (rs8330 and rs10929303) on glucuronidation status of acetaminophen. Dose Response. 2017 Sep 11;15(3):1559325817723731.
37 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 is the principal enzyme responsible for etoposide glucuronidation in human liver and intestinal microsomes: structural characterization of phenolic and alcoholic glucuronides of etoposide and estimation of enzyme kinetics. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Mar;35(3):371-80.
38 Interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics of generic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in TB/HIV-coinfected Ghanaian patients: UGT2B7*1c is associated with faster zidovudine clearance and glucuronidation. J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;49(9):1079-90.
39 Effect of aging on glucuronidation of valproic acid in human liver microsomes and the role of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A4, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Jan;37(1):229-36.
40 Characterization of rat intestinal microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward mycophenolic acid. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Sep;34(9):1632-9.
41 Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
42 Identification and preliminary characterization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyzing formation of ethyl glucuronide. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014 Apr;406(9-10):2325-32.
43 Atorvastatin glucuronidation is minimally and nonselectively inhibited by the fibrates gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, and fenofibric acid. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Aug;35(8):1315-24.
44 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
45 Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jan;15(1):5-9.
46 Psychotropic drug interactions with valproate. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2005 Mar-Apr;28(2):96-101.
47 The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2-hydroxymetronidazole: CYP2A6 is the high affinity (low Km) catalyst. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Sep;41(9):1686-94.
48 CYP2A6- and CYP2A13-catalyzed metabolism of the nicotine delta-5'(1')iminium ion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Nov;343(2):307-15.
49 Inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on dextromethorphan-O-demethylase activity in human liver microsomes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1993;32(6):491-5.
50 Effect of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substances, progesterone and p-tyramine, catalyzed by CYP2D6. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 Oct 22;129(1-2):117-23.
51 CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen metabolism: clinical relevance. Curr Oncol Rep. 2010 Jan;12(1):7-15.
52 Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6: structure-activity studies using a series of quinidine and quinine analogues. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Apr;16(4):450-9.
53 Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Spring;97(1):98-106.
54 Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. Arch Toxicol. 1999 Mar;73(2):65-70.
55 Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82.
56 Bioactivation of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline to arene oxide intermediates in human liver microsomes and recombinant P450s. Chem Biol Interact. 2008 May 9;173(1):59-67.
57 Chronic ethanol feeding and folate deficiency activate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in micropigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):G54-63.
58 Cytochrome P450 2E1 null mice provide novel protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and apoptosis. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1687-96.
59 Acetaminophen induced acute liver failure via oxidative stress and JNK activation: protective role of taurine by the suppression of cytochrome P450 2E1. Free Radic Res. 2010 Mar;44(3):340-55.
60 A study on the metabolism of etoposide and possible interactions with antitumor or supporting agents by human liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1294-300.
61 Novel metabolic pathway of estrone and 17beta-estradiol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):110-2.
62 CYP2E1 and clinical features in alcoholics. Neuropsychobiology. 2003;47(2):86-9.
63 Effects of nicotine on cytochrome P450 2A6 and 2E1 activities. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;69(2):152-9.
64 Diclofenac and its derivatives as tools for studying human cytochromes P450 active sites: particular efficiency and regioselectivity of P450 2Cs. Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 26;38(43):14264-70.
65 Identification of human cytochrome P450s involved in the formation of all-trans-retinoic acid principal metabolites. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;58(6):1341-8.
66 Targeted antipeptide antibodies to cytochrome P450 2C18 based on epitope mapping of an inhibitory monoclonal antibody to P450 2C51. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Feb 15;338(2):157-64.
67 Involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme in the N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes. Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Mar;9(2):365-73.
68 CYP2C8/9 mediate dapsone N-hydroxylation at clinical concentrations of dapsone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):865-8.
69 Induction of CYP2C genes in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Mar;29(3):242-51.
70 Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jun;27(6):655-66.
71 Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 in drug metabolism and interactions. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Jan;68(1):168-241.
72 Differential expression and function of CYP2C isoforms in human intestine and liver. Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Sep;13(9):565-75.
73 Analysis of human cytochrome P450 2C8 substrate specificity using a substrate pharmacophore and site-directed mutants. Biochemistry. 2004 Dec 14;43(49):15379-92.
74 Interaction of sorafenib and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I/II pharmacokinetic interaction study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Nov;68(5):1111-8.
75 PharmGKB summary: mycophenolic acid pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2014 Jan;24(1):73-9.
76 Influence of CYP2C8 polymorphisms on the hydroxylation metabolism of paclitaxel, repaglinide and ibuprofen enantiomers in vitro. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2013 Jul;34(5):278-87.
77 Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
78 Tamoxifen inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in breast cancer patients. J Chemother. 2006 Aug;18(4):421-4.
79 Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
80 Drug-drug interactions with imatinib: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Oct;95(40):e5076.
81 Drug interactions with calcium channel blockers: possible involvement of metabolite-intermediate complexation with CYP3A. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):125-30.
82 New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126.
83 A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7.
84 A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):554-63.
85 Effect of tamoxifen on the enzymatic activity of human cytochrome CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jun;301(3):945-52.
86 Hepatic metabolism of diclofenac: role of human CYP in the minor oxidative pathways. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):787-96.
87 Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;6(5):413-425.
88 Drugs that may have potential CYP2B6 interactions.
89 Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone metabolism by cytochrome P450 2B6. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Dec;33(12):1760-4.
90 PharmGKB summary: phenytoin pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Jun;22(6):466-70.
91 Application of the relative activity factor approach in scaling from heterologously expressed cytochromes p450 to human liver microsomes: studies on amitriptyline as a model substrate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Apr;297(1):326-37.
92 High-dose rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy as the second-line regimen after failure to eradicate H. pylori by triple therapy with the usual doses of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003 Nov-Dec;50(54):2274-8.
93 Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer. Oncogene. 2006 Mar 13;25(11):1679-91.
94 CYP2C19*17 is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 May;115(2):391-6.
95 Cytochromes of the P450 2C subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demethylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;353(1):116-21.
96 Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33.
97 Polymorphic expression of UGT1A9 is associated with variable acetaminophen glucuronidation in neonates: a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic study. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018 Oct;57(10):1325-1336.
98 Glucuronidation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: identifying the enzymes responsible in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jul;33(7):1027-35.
99 Pharmacokinetic interaction involving sorafenib and the calcium-channel blocker felodipine in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs. 2011 Dec;29(6):1511-4.
100 The evolution of population pharmacokinetic models to describe the enterohepatic recycling of mycophenolic acid in solid organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011 Jan;50(1):1-24.
101 The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 enzyme is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma target gene. J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 18;278(16):13975-83.
102 S-Naproxen and desmethylnaproxen glucuronidation by human liver microsomes and recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT): role of UGT2B7 in the elimination of naproxen. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;60(4):423-33.
103 UGT1A6 and UGT2B15 polymorphisms and acetaminophen conjugation in response to a randomized, controlled diet of select fruits and vegetables. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Sep;39(9):1650-7.
104 UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6 pharmacogenetics: II. Functional impact of the three most common nonsynonymous UGT1A6 polymorphisms (S7A, T181A, and R184S). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jun;313(3):1340-6.
105 Troglitazone glucuronidation in human liver and intestine microsomes: high catalytic activity of UGT1A8 and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Dec;30(12):1462-9.
106 Polymorphisms of Aspirin-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C9, NAT2 and UGT1A6 in Aspirin-Intolerant Urticaria. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2011 Oct;3(4):273-6.
107 Deferiprone glucuronidation by human tissues and recombinant UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A6: an in vitro investigation of genetic and splice variants. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Feb;37(2):322-9.
108 Structural and functional studies of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Rev. 1999 Nov;31(4):817-99.
109 Human UGT1A6 pharmacogenetics: identification of a novel SNP, characterization of allele frequencies and functional analysis of recombinant allozymes in human liver tissue and in cultured cells. Pharmacogenetics. 2004 Aug;14(8):487-99.
110 Identification of aspartic acid and histidine residues mediating the reaction mechanism and the substrate specificity of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases 1A. J Biol Chem. 2007 Dec 14;282(50):36514-24.
111 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
112 Pharma & Vaccines. Product Development Pipeline. April 29 2009.
113 The Discovery and Development of Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH). Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 August 15; 21(16): 4674-4685.
114 Discovery of PF-04457845: A Highly Potent, Orally Bioavailable, and Selective Urea FAAH Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2011 Feb 10;2(2):91-96.
115 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 1400).
116 A patent review of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) inhibitors (2013-2017).Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2017 Dec;27(12):1341-1351.
117 Gill SS, Wright EM, Reilly CS "Pharmacokinetic interaction of propofol and fentanyl: single bolus injection study." Br J Anaesth 65 (1990): 760-5. [PMID: 2265045]
118 Hanci V, Aydin M, Yurtlu BS, et.al "Anesthesia induction with sevoflurane and propofol: evaluation of P-wave dispersion, QT and corrected QT intervals." Kaohsiung J Med Sci 26 (2010): 470-7. [PMID: 20837343]
119 US Food and Drug Administration "FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines requires its strongest warning.".
120 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
121 McClune S, McKay AC, Wright PM, et al "Synergistic interaction between midazolam and propofol." Br J Anaesth 69 (1992): 240-5. [PMID: 1389840]
122 Product Information. Arcapta Neohaler (indacaterol). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
123 Bengtsson B, Fagerstrom PO "Extrapulmonary effects of terbutaline during prolonged administration." Clin Pharmacol Ther 31 (1982): 726-32. [PMID: 7042176]
124 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
125 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
126 Eggleston W, Clark KH, Marraffa JM "Loperamide abuse associated with cardiac dysrhythmia and death." Ann Emerg Med 69 (2017): 83-6. [PMID: 27140747]
127 Product Information. Korlym (mifepristone). Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, Menlo Park, CA.
128 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Canadian Product Information.".
129 Warrington SJ, Ankier SI, Turner P "Evaluation of possible interactions between ethanol and trazodone or amitriptyline." Neuropsychobiology 15 (1986): 31-7. [PMID: 3725002]
130 Scalese MJ, Herring HR, Rathburn RC, Skrepnek GH, Ripley TL "Propofol-associated QTc prolongation." Ther Adv Drug Saf 7 (2016): 68-78. [PMID: 27298717]
131 Product Information. Xcopri (cenobamate). SK Life Science, Inc., Paramus, NJ.
132 Product Information. Thalomid (thalidomide). Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ.
133 Product Information. Zeposia (ozanimod). Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ.
134 Product Information. Alphagan (brimonidine ophthalmic). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
135 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
136 Goto M, Sato M, Kitzazawa H, et.al "Papaverine-induced QT interval prolongation and ventricular fibrillation in a patient with a history of drug-induced QT prolongation." Intern Med 53 (2014): 1629-31. [PMID: 25088875]